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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(8): 1015-1024, ago. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-466484

ABSTRACT

Background: Zinc intake is well below recommendation among Chilean free living elderly adults of low socioeconomic level Aim: To assess the effect of the consumption of a food supplement on plasma zinc concentrations in elderly adults (EA). Material and Methods: Ambulatory EA (z70) with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, ascribed to public family health centers were studied. They were separated in a control and intervention group, without blinding techniques. The intervention group consumed daily 50 g of a special nutritional supplement prepared as a soup or porridge, provided by the Government, for 3 months. The control group did not receive the supplement. A good compliance with the supplement was defined as a consumption of 7 portions per week. A fasting venous blood sample was obtained to determine plasma zinc at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Forty three supplemented EA aged 76±5 years (21 women) and 31 non supplemented EA aged 78±5 years (20 women), completed 3 months of follow up. Mean compliance with the supplement was 40.5 percent (95 percent confidence intervals (CI) 40.3-40.6 percent). General characteristics of the study subjects upon recruitment were similar, except for the literacy that was higher in the intervention group. We fitted a multiple linear regression model which explained 39 percent of the variance, where the consumption of the nutritional supplement increased the concentration ofplasmatic zinc by 4.14 fig/dL (95 percent CI 0.25-8.02) (p<0.037), after controlling for sex, age, energy, vitamin E and calcium consumption. Conclusions: The consumption of a food supplement significantly increased plasma zinc concentrations in Chilean elderly adults.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Diet , Diet Surveys , Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs , Nutritional Status , Zinc/blood , Chile , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Energy Intake , Follow-Up Studies , Food Services , Linear Models , Program Evaluation , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/deficiency
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(11): 1383-1388, nov. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-391843

ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of obesity is growing in Chile. The personal perception about the own nutritional status is associated to the risk of obesity. Aim: To analyze the personal perception about their nutritional status among adults living in Santiago and to compare it to the objective diagnosis obtained according to Chilean Health Ministry norms. Material and methods: The body image was explored in 735 people between the ages of 20 and 90. The weight and height were obtained under standard conditions, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2) and classified according to the criteria of the Health Ministry. The concordance and Kappa index between both criteria in function of age, gender, nutritional status and height were analyzed. The model that best explained the weight subestimation was determined with multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Fifty two percent of subjects classified correctly their nutritional status, 30% subestimated, and 18% overstimated the nutritional status (Kappa 0.27). The multivariate analysis showed greater subestimation in obese (OR 5.8 95% IC 4.2-7.9), in men (OR 4.5 95% IC 2.7-7.3), people younger than 60 years old (OR 2.0 95% IC 1.3-3.1) and people of small stature (OR 3.1 95% IC 1.9-4.9). Conclusions: Half of the studied subjects had an inadequate perception of the body image. Educative campaigns are needed to reinforce the concept of adequate weight. This may contribute to promote health and reduce the risk of obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Image , Nutritional Status , Obesity/diagnosis , Self Concept , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Obesity/epidemiology
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 30(3): 235-242, dic. 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387649

ABSTRACT

Cada día es más importante conocer el consumo de alimentos, nutrientes y otros componentes de la dieta. El objetivo de este documento es analizar algunos aspectos (planificación, capacitación, supervisión, digitación, procesamiento y análisis de la información alimentaria) que podrían significar un mejoramiento en la obtención de datos alimentarios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , Diet Surveys , Eating , Nutrition Surveys , Food , Food Planning
4.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 74(6): 585-589, nov.-dic. 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-388743

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En Chile no existe criterio de evaluación nutricional de niños con Síndrome de Down (SD). Objetivo: Comparar la situación nutricional de niños con SD evaluados por distintos estándares antropométricos (uno norteamericano y otro español) y analizar su concordancia diagnóstica. Metodología: Se estudió en 116 niños con SD de ambos sexos entre 3 meses y 18 años la concordancia diagnóstica entregada por los indicadores peso/edad (P/E), talla/edad (T/E) e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para la edad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el X2 y el Índice de Kappa, considerando significativo un p < 0,05. Resultados: Hay baja concordancia en la distribución obtenida con los diferentes estándares. En P/E y T/E la referencia española muestra un comportamiento más cercano a la curva Gaussiana y el IMC presenta un desplazamiento hacia el exceso de peso. Conclusiones: La curva española es la que parece ser más adecuada para discriminar déficit y excesos. Es necesario validar esta información con determinaciones de composición corporal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Down Syndrome , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Anthropometry , Chile
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(8): 871-876, ago. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300147

ABSTRACT

Background: The Chilean Ministry of Health proposed the use of Mini Nutritional Assessment, to identify elders at nutritional risk. This score considers anthropometric, dietary and quality of life items. Aim: To assess the concordance of the mini nutritional assessment with body mass index and dietary parameters in Chilean free living elders. Material and methods: Subjects aged 70 years old or more, coming from four public outpatient clinics were studied. In all, the mini nutritional assessment, dietary intake using 24 h recalls and anthropometric parameters, were measured. Energy intake was evaluated using FAO/WHO/UNU guidelines. Micronutrient intake was evaluated using the Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRI) from USA. Kappa index was used to determine diagnostic concordance. Results: Forty three percent of subjects were overweight or obese. There was a substandard intake of calcium, folate, zinc, vitamin A, C, E, B6, B12 and energy. Seventy nine percent of subjects had a deficient or regular food intake. Mini nutritional assessment score was normal in 66 percent of subjects. Fifty eight percent of those with a deficient food intake had a normal mini nutritional assessment. On the other hand, 73 percent of those considered at nutritional risk, had a normal or excessive weight. Conclusions: Mini nutritional assessment did not identify elders at nutritional risk in this sample


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Health of the Elderly , Nutrition Disorders , Nutrition Assessment , Quality of Life , Avitaminosis , Food Quality , Nutritional Status , Body Mass Index , Energy Intake
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(6): 597-603, jun. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-295387

ABSTRACT

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that smoking, nutrition and sexual patterns are major risk factors for cervical cancer. Aim: To study the association between food consumption patterns, smoking and sexual behavior and the risk of cervical cancer. Material and methods: A matched case control study of 170 cases and 340 controls. Food and nutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire considering 58 antioxidant rich food items. Median daily intake of vegetables, fruits, antioxidant vitamins and fiber was calculated. A conditional logistic regression model was used to determine odds ratios associated with variations in nutritional intake and no nutritional factors (age at first delivery, parity, body mass index, family history of cancer and smoking). Results: High intakes of vegetables, fruits, beta carotene, vitamin C, E and fiber were associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer (Odds ratios ranging from 0.56 to 0.78). The risk for cancer was inversely associated with the age at first delivery and directly associated with the total number of pregnancies and smoking. Multivariate analysis model showed a protective effect for vegetable and vitamin E consumption (odds ratio of 0.6 with confidence intervals of 0.5 to 0.8 p<0.001) and a higher risk associated to smoking (odds ratio 2.8, confidence intervals 1.5-5.5 p<0.002) and a younger age at the first delivery (odds ratio 3.37 confidence intervals 2-5.3 p<0.001). Conclusions: Cervical cancer is associated with reproductive and food consumption behaviors. A higher intake of vegetables and foods rich in vitamin E can reduce its risk


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Smoking/adverse effects , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Reproductive History , Feeding Behavior , Sexual Behavior , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Diet Records , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Risk Factors , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements
7.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 27(2): 231-9, sept. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-284965

ABSTRACT

Se compara la oxidación de lípidos y de CHO en mujeres controles y obesas, en condiciones de ayuno y luego de un desayuno de prueba conteniendo ácidos grasos enriquecidos con 13C. Dieciséis mujeres de 40-55 años, saludables, con peso estable en los tres meses previos y durante el estudio fueron agrupadas según índice de masa corporal (IMC): 8 obesas) y 8 normopeso (IMC 30-40 y 20-25 respectivamente). El metabolismo oxidativo se estudió en tres oportunidades en cada sujeto bajo condiciones de reposo: 1) bajo condiciones post absortivas (TMR), 2) luego de un desayuno (aporte energético equivalente al 40 por ciento del TMR) con adición de 13C-ácido octanoico y 3) idem, pero con adición de 13C-ácido palmítico en reemplazo del ác. octanoico. El gasto energético y la oxidación total de sustratos se evaluó con calorimetría indirecta (CAL). La oxidación de los sustratos marcados, se evaluó por espectrometría de masas y CAL. Bajo condiciones de ayuno, ambos grupos utilizaron como principal combustible metabólico a las grasas (66,38 ñ 35,08 por ciento las obesas y 56,83 ñ 28,18 por ciento las normopeso). Bajo condiciones de alimentación, las obesas oxidaron mayor cantidad de lípidos (55,23 ñ 20,44 por ciento vs 40,84 ñ 17,39 por ciento en controles), tanto en forma total como ajustado por la cantidad de grasa ingerida, peso y composición corporal (p<0,05). La oxidación de lípidos estuvo en directa asociación con la masa grasa de los sujetos (r=0,66). Luego de 3 horas, la oxidación de ácido 13C-octanoico, fue similar en ambos grupos (21,3 ñ 10,4 en obesas y 26,5 ñ 9,0 por ciento en controles). La oxidación de 13C-palmítico fue muy baja en ambos grupos, aunque significativamente menor en las obesas (0,5 por ciento ñ 0,2 por ciento vs 0,9 por ciento ñ 0,4 por ciento). La mayor oxidación de lípidos según CAL, en obesos de peso estable, puede responder a un mecanismo destinado a prevenir nuevas ganancias de peso o pudiera representar una complicación metabólica del exceso de peso


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Obesity/metabolism , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Calorimetry, Indirect , Carbohydrates/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Lipids/metabolism
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(2): 137-43, feb. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258110

ABSTRACT

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a relation between breast cancer, diet and life styles. Aim: To analyze the association between food patterns, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in women of Santiago. Patients and methods: A case-control study design (170 cases and 340 controls), matched by age and sex, was used. Through a food frequency questionnaire the average daily intake of vegetables, fruits, ß-carotene, vitamin A, C, E and fiber was analyzed. Other exposures to non-nutritional risks (parity, smoking, cancer history) were also studied. Conditional logistic regression was calculated to determine the odds ratio associated with variations in food and nutrient intake and nonnutritional factors. Results: Cases had a greater BMI and a higher prevalence of obesity than controls (p< 0.02). No differences were observed in either group food patterns. The ORs for breast cancer associated with obesity and alcohol consumption were 1.65 (95 percent CI 1.06-2.64) and 1.61 (95 percent CI 1.06-2.54) respectively (p< 0.05). Multiparity had a protective effect with 0.66 less risk (95 percent CI 0.44-0.99). No protective effect associated to a greater intake of vegetables, fruits or natural antioxidants was observed. Multivariate analysis model disclosed obesity as a risk factor (OR 1.79, p< 0.02) and parity = 4 as protective (OR 0.62, p<0.02). Conclusions: This study does not support a protective role for natural antioxidants against breast cancer but indicate a weakassociation with obesity


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Parity , Case-Control Studies , Nutritional Status , Risk Factors , Obesity/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Feeding Behavior
9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 70(6): 483-90, dic. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263510

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: diversos estudios demuestran un aumento en la prevalencia de obesidad infantil, pero existe poca información con relación a las conductas alimentarias y patrones de actividad física de los niños. Objetivo: analizar patrones alimentarios y de actividad física en escolares de la Región de Aysén para proponer un programa de prevención de la obesidad. Pacientes y métodos: por entrevista, domiciliaria se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, patrones alimentarios y de actividad física en una muestra representativa de estudiantes de kinder a 4o. básico (n = 340). Se analizó frecuencia y consumo habitual de los principales alimentos y se comparó con recomendaciones del MINSAL. Se determinó un índice de calidad de la alimentación basado en la pirámide y guías alimentarias. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 7,7 ñ 1,6 años. Se observó baja frecuencia de consumo de verduras, frutas y lácteos y alta de mayonesa, manteca y bebidas gaseosas. En lácteos y carnes predominó el consumo de variedades altas en grasas. El porcentaje de adecuación por grupo de alimentos mostró déficit en verduras, frutas y productos lácteos y exceso en azúcar en ambos sexos. La mediana del índice global de la alimentación fue 3 (p 25 = 2, p75 = 4) sobre un máximo teórico de 7, sin diferencias significativas por sexo, curso o estado nutricional. La mediana de hoaras semanales dedicadas al deporte y juegos activos fue 4 (95 por ciento IC 4-4) y de actividad física de cuadras caminadas diariamente 6 (95 por ciento IC 4,5-6,0). Conclusión: los patrones de alimentación y actividad física de los escolares de Aysén son inadecuados. Es necesario desarrollar planes de acción para promover estilos de vida más saludables y prevenir la obesidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Health Promotion , Nutritional Status , Obesity/prevention & control , Sex Distribution , Sports/statistics & numerical data
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 70(3): 208-14, mayo-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-253138

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de obesidad y el comportamiento del área grasa braquial en una muestra representativa de escolares de Aysén. Material y Métodos: muestreo aleatorio simple, trietápico, estratificado, proporcional, en estudiantes de kinder a cuarto año básico de cinco comunas de la región. Se determinó peso, talla, perímetro braquial y pliegue tricipital en condiciones estandarizadas. Se calculó el puntaje Z para peso/edad, talla/edad y peso/talla en relación a NCHS/OMS y perímetro muscular braquial, área muscular braquial y área grasa braquial de acuerdo a Frisancho. Se clasificó el estado nutricional según normas del Ministerio de Salud. Se analizó la asociación de obesidad con tipo de escuela, sexo, edad, curso y comuna de residencia. Resultados: se estudiaron 1.022 niños con una edad promedio de 8,1 ñ 1,5 años. La mediana de puntaje Z para talla/edad fue -0,2 (95 por ciento IC -0,3 y -0,1), para peso/edad 0,5 (0,4 y 06) y para peso/talla 1,0 (0,9 y 1,I). El 28,6 por ciento de la muestra presentó sobrepeso y 20,4 por ciento obesidad. La mediana de adecuación para el pliegue tricipital y área grasa braquial fue 117 por ciento (111 y 120) y 123 por ciento (117 y 128) respectivamente. La prevalencia de obesidad no se asoció con tipo de colegio, edad, curso, comuna o sexo. Conclusiones: sobrepeso y obesidad representan un problema de salud pública en todos los grupos estudiados. Es urgente desarrollar estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención de la obesidad desde las primeras etapas de la vida


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Body Height , Chile/epidemiology , Mid-Upper Arm Circumference , Nutritional Status , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Simple Random Sampling , Weight by Height
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(3): 283-9, mar. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194829

ABSTRACT

A non-randomly selected group of 859 adults (410 men) from 120 health care centers of the National Health System (oct. 1995) was studied. Food intake was assessed by 24 hours recall applied by well-trained standarized nutritionists. Both frequency and food and nutrients intake were calculated. The mean age was 35.8ñ10.6 years old. Median energy, protein and fat intake in male were 2324 kcal, 84g y 70g, respectively. For women, medians intake were: 1668 kcal, 59g and 53g respectively. From the total sample 72 percent, 53 percent y 71 percent reported consumption of less than 2 servings of milk product, vegetables and fruits. Likewise 42, 36 and 22 percent of subjects had calcium, vitamin A and C intake below than 50 percent of the corresponding recommended dietary allowances (RDA). On the other hand 24 percent of the sample had daily salt consumption higher than 5g, 37 percent had energy intake derived from fat higher than 30 percent of total calories and 15 percent had more than 10 percent of the energy supplied by sugar. A significant part of the adult population had inadequate patterns of food intake which confirms the need to promote a healthier diet


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Diet Surveys , Nutrition Surveys
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(12): 1531-8, dic. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173297

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to compare the nutritional classification of pregnant women and their predictive value for the low birth weight, using the criteria of the Ministry of health (Rosso-Mardones curves) with the curves developed at the Department of Nutrition of the Faculty of Medicine and the body mass index. One thousand eight hundred four pregnancy women of the Metropolitan Region, that were devoid of factors affecting birth weight, were studied retrospectively. Initial and final nutritional status was calculated according to the three criteria in study. Results showed that 47 to 75 percent of women classified as undernourished using Rosso-Mardones curves, were normal according to the curves of the Department of Nutrition and body mass index. Rosso-Mardones curves had the lower predictive value, relative risk and risk attributable to maternal nutritional deficit, for low birth weight. Also these curves showed a higher of obesity and a low predictive value for macrosomia. It is concluded that the curves used by the Ministry of Health must be revised


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutritional Status/physiology , Body Mass Index , Fetal Macrosomia/diagnosis , Maternal Nutrition/standards , Forecasting/methods , Infant, Low Birth Weight/physiology
13.
Santiago de Chile; Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Nutrición; oct. 1995. 127 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-156867
14.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 23(1): 34-41, abr. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194984

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de evaluar el consumo de alimentos aportadores de antioxidantes naturales se entrevistaron 1594 adultos. Se aplicó una encuesta de tendencia de consumo que incluye 58 aliemntos con alto contenido de carotenos, retinol, vitamina C y E. Se calculó el consumo promedio-semanal en función de la frecuencia de consumo, porción habitual y número de meses en que el alimento era consumido. Se estimó el consumo de nutrientes con una tabla de composición de EEUU y se clasificó la adecuación a las recomendaciones de NRC. Se clasificó el consumo de verduras y frutas según recomendaciones orientadas a prevenir patologías crónicas del adulto. Los resultados demostraron un bajo consumo de verduras y frutas en el 41 y 70 por ciento de la muestra respectivamente. Alrededor del 10 por ciento de la población presentó bajo consumo de vitamina A, C y E de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del NRC, prevalencia alta considerando el rol antioxidante de estos nutrientes. Se concluye que es necesario revisar las guías alimentarias de la población chilena considerando un mayor consumo de frutas y verduras


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Antioxidants , Diet Surveys , Dietary Vitamins , Body Mass Index , Eating , Fruit , Feeding Behavior , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Nutritional Status , Vegetables , Vitamin E
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(1): 51-60, ene. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-151159

ABSTRACT

Aiming to assess the association between carotenes and vitamin A intake and lung cancer, a case control study was performed. Sixty one male subjects with lung cancer and 61 controls paired for age, sex and smoking habits from 6 hospitals in Santiago were analyzed. Based on a compsumption tendency enquiry, the mean weekly intake of food showed that cases consumed less winter vegetables than controls (chard, beet, chicory, spinach and cabbage) but no differences between groups in carotene and retinol consumption. It is concluded that patients with lung cancer have a lower consumption of carotene rich vegetables


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Carotenoids/deficiency , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Feeding Behavior , Vitamin A , Dietary Vitamins/analysis , Smoking/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Diet Surveys , Risk Factors , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Socioeconomic Factors
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